Strings in C programming
Strings in C programming
Strings in C are defined as the one-dimensional array of characters end by a null. It is used to handle words and each character of array occupies one byte of memory, and the last character always is 0.
Create a string in c programming
There are many techniques to declare a c-string
Syntax
char str_name[size];
Initializing a Strings in C programming
A string is initialized in different ways. Below is an example to declare a string with the name as ‘str’ and initialize it with “abcde”.
C strings examples
char str[] = "abcde";
char str[50] = "abcde";
char str[] = {'a','b','c','d','e','\0'};
char str[5] = {'a','b','c','d','e','\0'};
Access character of a String
A character of a string is accessed with an index number. Index number starts with 0 in the forwarding direction.
Program for access character of the string in C programming
#include <stdio.h>
int main () {
char str[6] = {'s', 't', 'u', 'd', 'y', '\0'};
printf("string: %s\n", str );
return 0;
}
Output
String: study
The following example describes how to access the character of a string using its index number.
Access characters of the string in c programming
#include <stdio.h>
int main (){
char str[] = "study";
printf("%c\n", str[1]);
printf("%c\n", str[4]);
return 0;
}
Output
t y
String manipulation in C
| Function | Purpose |
| strcpy(s1, s2); | strycpy is used to copies string s2 into string s1. |
| strcat(s1, s2); | strcat is used to concatenates string s2 onto the end of string s1. |
| strlen(s1); | strlen is used to returns the length of string s1. |
| strcmp(s1, s2); | strcmp is uesd to returns 0 if s1 and s2 are the same, less than 0 if s1<s2; greater than 0 if s1>s2. |
| strchr(s1, ch); | strchr is used to returns a pointer to the first occurrence of character ch in string s1. |
| strstr(s1, s2); | strstr is used to returns a pointer to the first occurrence of string s2 in string s1. |
Program for string manipulating in C
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main () {
char str1[12] = "Study";
char str2[12] = "Expert";
char str3[12];
int len ;
/* copy */
strcpy(str3, str1);
printf("strcpy( str3, str1) : %s\n", str3 );
/* concatenates */
strcat( str1, str2);
printf("strcat( str1, str2): %s\n", str1 );
len = strlen(str1);
printf("strlen(str1) : %d\n", len );
return 0;
}
Output
strcpy( str3, str1) : Study strcat( str1, str2): StudyExpert strlen(str1) : 10
Also read, C-Operators