C Operators
C Operators with examples
C-operators are a symbol that informs the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical functions. C language has built-in operators and provides the following types of operators −
1. C Arithmetic Operators
This operator is used to perform arithmetic operations on two operands.
If A = 10 and B = 5 then,
| Operator | Description | Example |
| + | It is used to add two operands. | A + B = 15 |
| – | This operator is used to subtract the second operand from the first. | A − B = 5 |
| * | It is used to multiplies both operands | A * B = 50 |
| / | This operator is used to divide numerator by de-numerator. | A / B = 2 |
| % | This operator is used to remainder after an integer division. | A% B = 0 |
| ++ | This operator (the increment operator) increases the integer value by one. | A++ = 11 |
| — | This operator (the decrement operator) decreases the integer value by one. | A — = 9 |
Program for arithmetic operators in c
#include <stdio.h>
int main (){
float m = 25;
float n = 10;
printf("m = %f, n = %f \n\n", m, n);
//Add m and n
float result_add = m + n;
printf("a + b = %f\n", result_add);
//Subtract n from m
float result_sub = m - n;
printf("m - n = %f\n", result_sub);
//Multiply a and b
float result_mul = a * b;
printf("m * n = %f\n", result_mul);
//Divide a by b
float result_div = a / b;
printf("m / n = %f\n", result_div);
int result_modulo = (int) m % (int) n;
printf("m %% n = %d\n", result_modulo);
return 0;
}
Output
a = 10.000000, b = 5.000000 a + b = 15.000000 a - b = 5.000000 a * b = 50.000000 a / b = 2.00000 a % b = 0
2. C Relational Operators
Relational operators are used to comparing the values of two operands. It returns true when matched the value and returns false when values do not match.
3. C Logical Operators
Suppose variable A holds 1 and variable B holds 0, then −
| Operator | Description | Example |
| && | It is called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non-zero, then the condition becomes true. | (A && B) is false. |
| || | It is called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands are non-zero, then the condition becomes true. | (A || B) is true. |
| ! | It is called Logical NOT Operator. It is used to opposite the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true, then the Logical NOT operator will make it false. | !(A && B) is true. |
1. Logical AND operator (&&)
Program for logical AND operator in C
#include <stdio.h>
void range_func(int x){
if(x >= 10 && x <= 25)
printf("%d belongs to range [10, 25].\n", x);
else
printf("%d do not belongs to range [10, 25].\n", x);
}
int main (){
range_func(15);
range_func(25);
range_func(50);
return 0;
}
Output
15 belongs to range [10, 25]. 25 belongs to range [10, 25]. 50 do not belongs to range [10, 25].
2. Logical OR operator (||)
This operator is used to combine two or more conditions and it returns true when any of the conditions is true, otherwise returns false.
Program for logical OR operator in C
#include <stdio.h>
void range_func(int x){
//|| operator is used to combine conditions
//returns true when either x < 100 or x > 200
if(x < 100 || x > 200)
printf("%d do not belongs to range [100, 200].\n", x);
else
printf("%d belongs to range [100, 200].\n", x);
}
int main (){
range_func(50);
range_func(100);
range_func(150);
return 0;
}
Output
50 do not belongs to range [100, 200]. 100 belongs to range [100, 200]. 150 belongs to range [100, 200].
3. Logical NOT operator (!)
This operator is used to return the opposite boolean results.
Program logical NOT operator in c
#include <stdio.h>
void range_func(int x){
//! operator is used to return
//true when x <= 100
if(!(x >= 100))
printf("%d is less than 100.\n", x);
else
printf("%d is greater than or equal to 100.\n", x);
}
int main (){
range_func(50);
range_func(100);
range_func(150);
return 0;
}
Output
50 is less than 100. 100 is greater than or equal to 100. 150 is greater than or equal to 100.
4. C Bitwise operators
This operator is used to perform bitwise operations on two operands. Bitwise operator works on bits and performs the bit-by-bit operations.
| Operator | Name | Description |
| & | AND | It returns 1 if both bits at the same position in both operands are 1, else returns 0 |
| | | OR | It returns 1 if one of two bits at the same position in both operands is 1, else returns 0 |
| ^ | XOR | It returns 1 if only one of two bits at the same position in both operands is 1, else returns 0 |
| ~ | NOT | It reverses all the bits |
| >> | Right shift | The left operand is moved right by the number of bits present in the right operand |
| << | Left shift | The left operand is moved left by the number of bits present in the right operand |
5. C Assignment Operators
C language supports the following assignment operators.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| = | An assignment operator assigns values from right side operands to left side operand | C = A + B will assign the value of A + B to C |
| += | Add AND assignment operator adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. | C += A is equivalent to C = C + A |
| -= | Subtract AND assignment operator subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. | C -= A is equivalent to C = C – A |
| *= | Multiply AND assignment operator multiplies the right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. | C *= A is equivalent to C = C * A |
| /= | Divide AND assignment operator divides the left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand. | C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A |
| %= | Modulus AND assignment operator takes modulus using two operands and assigns the result to the left operand. | C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A |
| <<= | Left shift AND assignment operator. | C <<= 2 is same as C = C << 2 |
| >>= | Right shift AND assignment operator. | C >>= 2 is same as C = C >> 2 |
| &= | Bitwise AND assignment operator. | C &= 2 is same as C = C & 2 |
| ^= | Bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator. | C ^= 2 is same as C = C ^ 2 |
| |= | Bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator. | C |= 2 is same as C = C | 2 |
6. C Miscellaneous operators
The table below describes other operators supported by C:
| Operator | Description |
| comma operator(,) | Comma operator evaluates each of its operands (from left to right) and returns the value of the last operand. |
| sizeof() | Returns size of a data type is constant or variable. |
| Ternary operator (?:) | Returns one of the two values based on the value of the boolean expression. |
| Address of operator(&) | It returns the address of a variable. |
| Dereference operator(*) | Dereference operator is used to a pointer to a variable. |