Data Types in C language
Data Types in C language
Data types are integer-based and floating-point-based. The memory is allocated by the operating system to variables and decides what can be stored in the reserved memory.
| Types | Description |
| Basic Types | Basic types are arithmetic types and are classified into integer types and floating-point types. |
| Enumerated types | Enumerated are used to define variables that can only assign integer values through the program. |
| The type void | The type void means no value is available. |
| Derived types | Derived types contain Pointer types, Array types, Structure types, Union types, and Function types. |
The following table shows the list of basic data types in C language:
| Category | Data Types |
| character | char |
| Integer | int |
| Floating Point | float |
| Double Floating Point | double |
| The Void Type | void |
The following table describes the variable type, memory size, format specifier, and maximum, minimum value which can be stored in the variable.
| Data Type | Memory (bytes) | Range | Format Specifier |
| short int | 2 | -32,768 to 32,767 | %hd |
| unsigned short int | 2 | 0 – 65,535 | %hu |
| unsigned int | 4 | 0 – 4,294, 967,295 | %u |
| int | 4 | -2,147,483,648 – 2,147,483,647 | %d |
| long int | 4 | -2,147,483,648 – 2,147,483,647 | %ld |
| unsigned long int | 4 | 0 – 4,294,967,295 | %lu |
| long long int | 8 | – ( 263 ) – ( 263 ) -1 | %lld |
| unsigned long long int | 8 | 0 – 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 | %llu |
| signed char | 1 | -128 – 127 | %c |
| unsigned char | 1 | 0 – 255 | %c |
| float | 4 | %f | |
| double | 8 | %lf | |
| long double | 16 | %Lf |
Sizeof() function in c language
The memory size of a data type is different as shown in the table. The function is used to find the size of a data type, sizeof().
Program
#include <stdio.h>
int main (){
printf("Size of char: %ld\n", sizeof(char));
printf("Size of short: %ld\n", sizeof(short int));
printf("Size of int: %ld\n", sizeof(int));
printf("Size of long: %ld\n", sizeof(long int));
printf("Size of float: %ld\n", sizeof(float));
printf("Size of double: %ld\n", sizeof(double));
printf("Size of void: %ld\n", sizeof(void));
return 0;
}
Output
Size of char: 1 Size of short: 2 Size of int: 4 Size of long: 8 Size of float: 4 Size of double: 8 Size of void: 1
The void Type in c language
The void type shows that no value is available.
| Types | Types & Description |
|---|---|
| Function returns as void | There are various functions in C programming which do not return any value.
Example, void exit (int status); |
| Function arguments as void | There are various functions in C programming which do not accept any parameter. A function with no parameter accepts void.
Example, int rand(void); |
| Pointers to void | A pointer of type void * represents the address of an object, but not its type.
Example, void *malloc( size_t size ); |
Also read, C-Operators